ThreeLab/Engine/engine.cpp

#include "Engine.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"
#include "Entity/Entity.h"
// Static member definitions.
GLFWwindow* Engine::window = nullptr;
GLuint Engine::framebuffer = 0;
GLuint Engine::colorTexture = 0;
GLuint Engine::depthRenderbuffer = 0;
GLuint Engine::cubeVAO = 0;
GLuint Engine::cubeVBO = 0;
GLuint Engine::shaderProgram = 0;
float Engine::rotationAngle = 0.0f;
int Engine::fbWidth = 640;
int Engine::fbHeight = 400;

GLuint normalMapTexture = 0; // Global texture for the normal map

GLuint Engine::billboardShaderProgram = 0;
GLuint Engine::billboardVAO = 0;

bool Engine::Init() {
    if (!glfwInit()) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLFW\n";
        return false;
    }
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    window = glfwCreateWindow(1280, 800, "Engine Window", nullptr, nullptr);
    if (!window) {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window\n";
        glfwTerminate();
        return false;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW\n";
        return false;
    }

    int width, height;
    glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);

    // Create framebuffer.
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
    ResizeFramebuffer(fbWidth, fbHeight);

    // Setup cube geometry, shaders, and load normal map.
    if (!SetupScene()) {
        std::cout << "Failed to set up scene\n";
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

GLFWwindow* Engine::GetWindow() {
    return window;
}

void Engine::ResizeFramebuffer(int width, int height) {
    // Avoid division by zero.
    if (height <= 0)
        height = 1;

    // Define the desired target aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9).
    const float targetAspect = 16.0f / 9.0f;
    float currentAspect = static_cast<float>(width) / static_cast<float>(height);
    
    // Adjust dimensions to maintain the target aspect ratio.
    int newWidth = width;
    int newHeight = height;
    if (currentAspect > targetAspect) {
        // Too wide: adjust width.
        newWidth = static_cast<int>(height * targetAspect);
    } else if (currentAspect < targetAspect) {
        // Too tall: adjust height.
        newHeight = static_cast<int>(width / targetAspect);
    }
    
    fbWidth = newWidth;
    fbHeight = newHeight;
    
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);

    // Delete old attachments if they exist.
    if (colorTexture) {
        glDeleteTextures(1, &colorTexture);
    }
    if (depthRenderbuffer) {
        glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    }

    // Create color texture using GL_RGBA.
    glGenTextures(1, &colorTexture);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, fbWidth, fbHeight, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture, 0);

    // Create depth renderbuffer.
    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthRenderbuffer);
    glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, fbWidth, fbHeight);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthRenderbuffer);

    GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE) {
        std::cout << "Framebuffer is not complete! Status: " << status << std::endl;
    }
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
}

GLuint Engine::CompileShader(const char* vertexSrc, const char* fragmentSrc) {
    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexSrc, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);
    int success;
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "Vertex shader compilation failed: " << infoLog << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSrc, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "Fragment shader compilation failed: " << infoLog << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(program);
    glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "Shader program linking failed: " << infoLog << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
    return program;
}




bool Engine::SetupBillboard() {
    // Simple billboard vertex shader.
    const char* billboardVertexSrc = R"(
        #version 330 core
        layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
        layout(location = 1) in vec2 aTexCoords;
        
        uniform mat4 model;
        uniform mat4 view;
        uniform mat4 projection;
        
        out vec2 TexCoords;
        
        void main() {
            TexCoords = aTexCoords;
            gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
        }
    )";
    // Simple billboard fragment shader.
    const char* billboardFragmentSrc = R"(
        #version 330 core
        out vec4 FragColor;
        in vec2 TexCoords;
        uniform sampler2D billboardTexture;
        void main() {
            FragColor = texture(billboardTexture, TexCoords);
        }
    )";
    billboardShaderProgram = CompileShader(billboardVertexSrc, billboardFragmentSrc);
    if (billboardShaderProgram == 0) return false;
    
    // Define a quad (two triangles) for the billboard.
    float quadVertices[] = {
        // positions          // texcoords
        -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,    0.0f, 1.0f,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,    0.0f, 0.0f,
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,    1.0f, 0.0f,
        
        -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,    0.0f, 1.0f,
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,    1.0f, 0.0f,
         0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,    1.0f, 1.0f
    };
    
    GLuint VBO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &billboardVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glBindVertexArray(billboardVAO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(quadVertices), quadVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    // position attribute.
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // texcoord attribute.
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    glBindVertexArray(0);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    return true;
}

void Engine::DrawIconIn3DSpace(const glm::vec3 &worldPos, const glm::vec2 &size, ImTextureID texture, const glm::mat4 &view, const glm::mat4 &projection) {
    // Compute billboard matrix (extract inverse rotation from view).
    glm::mat4 billboard = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    billboard[0] = glm::vec4(view[0][0], view[1][0], view[2][0], 0.0f);
    billboard[1] = glm::vec4(view[0][1], view[1][1], view[2][1], 0.0f);
    billboard[2] = glm::vec4(view[0][2], view[1][2], view[2][2], 0.0f);
    billboard = glm::transpose(billboard);

    glm::mat4 model = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), worldPos);
    model *= billboard;
    model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(size, 1.0f));

    glUseProgram(billboardShaderProgram);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(billboardShaderProgram, "model"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(billboardShaderProgram, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(billboardShaderProgram, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
    
    // Bind icon texture.
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, (GLuint)(intptr_t)texture);
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(billboardShaderProgram, "billboardTexture"), 0);
    
    // Disable depth test so icon appears on top.
    glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glBindVertexArray(billboardVAO);
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
    glBindVertexArray(0);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);  // Re-enable depth testing.
}


void Engine::DrawIconsIn3DSpace(const std::vector<Entity*>& entities, const glm::mat4 &view, const glm::mat4 &projection, ImTextureID iconTexture) {
    for(auto e : entities) {
        if(e->GetType() == EntityType::LIGHT) {
            // Draw a billboard icon at the light's world position.
            DrawIconIn3DSpace(e->transform.position, glm::vec2(1.0f, 1.0f), iconTexture, view, projection);
        }
    }
}



bool Engine::SetupScene() {
    // Updated cube vertices: each vertex has:
    // position (3), normal (3), texcoord (2), tangent (3) = 11 floats per vertex.
    float vertices[] = {
        // Front face (normal: 0,0,1), tangent: (1,0,0)
        // positions         normals       texcoords   tangent
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0,0,1,       0,0,       1,0,0,
         0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0,0,1,       1,0,       1,0,0,
         0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0,0,1,       1,1,       1,0,0,
         0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0,0,1,       1,1,       1,0,0,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0,0,1,       0,1,       1,0,0,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0,0,1,       0,0,       1,0,0,

        // Back face (normal: 0,0,-1), tangent: (-1,0,0)
         0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0,0,-1,      0,0,      -1,0,0,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0,0,-1,      1,0,      -1,0,0,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0,0,-1,      1,1,      -1,0,0,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0,0,-1,      1,1,      -1,0,0,
         0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0,0,-1,      0,1,      -1,0,0,
         0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0,0,-1,      0,0,      -1,0,0,

        // Left face (normal: -1,0,0), tangent: (0,0,-1)
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1,0,0,       0,0,       0,0,-1,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1,0,0,       1,0,       0,0,-1,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1,0,0,       1,1,       0,0,-1,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1,0,0,       1,1,       0,0,-1,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1,0,0,       0,1,       0,0,-1,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1,0,0,       0,0,       0,0,-1,

        // Right face (normal: 1,0,0), tangent: (0,0,1)
         0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1,0,0,       0,0,       0,0,1,
         0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1,0,0,       1,0,       0,0,1,
         0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1,0,0,       1,1,       0,0,1,
         0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1,0,0,       1,1,       0,0,1,
         0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1,0,0,       0,1,       0,0,1,
         0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1,0,0,       0,0,       0,0,1,

        // Top face (normal: 0,1,0), tangent: (1,0,0)
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0,1,0,       0,0,       1,0,0,
         0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0,1,0,       1,0,       1,0,0,
         0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0,1,0,       1,1,       1,0,0,
         0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0,1,0,       1,1,       1,0,0,
        -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0,1,0,       0,1,       1,0,0,
        -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0,1,0,       0,0,       1,0,0,

        // Bottom face (normal: 0,-1,0), tangent: (1,0,0)
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0,-1,0,      0,0,       1,0,0,
         0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0,-1,0,      1,0,       1,0,0,
         0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0,-1,0,      1,1,       1,0,0,
         0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0,-1,0,      1,1,       1,0,0,
        -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0,-1,0,      0,1,       1,0,0,
        -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0,-1,0,      0,0,       1,0,0
    };

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &cubeVBO);
    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, cubeVBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    // Position attribute.
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 11 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // Normal attribute.
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 11 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    // Texcoord attribute.
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 11 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    // Tangent attribute.
    glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 11 * sizeof(float), (void*)(8 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(3);
    glBindVertexArray(0);

    const char* vertexShaderSrc = R"(
        #version 330 core
        layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
        layout(location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;
        layout(location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
        layout(location = 3) in vec3 aTangent;
    
        uniform mat4 model;
        uniform mat4 view;
        uniform mat4 projection;
    
        out vec3 FragPos;
        out vec3 Normal;
        out vec2 TexCoords;
        out vec3 Tangent;
    
        void main() {
            FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
            Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * aNormal;
            TexCoords = aTexCoords;
            Tangent = mat3(model) * aTangent;
            gl_Position = projection * view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
        }
    )";
    
    const char* fragmentShaderSrc = R"(
        #version 330 core
        out vec4 FragColor;
    
        in vec3 FragPos;
        in vec3 Normal;
        in vec2 TexCoords;
        in vec3 Tangent;
    
        uniform vec3 lightPositions[2];
        uniform vec3 lightColors[2];
        uniform int numLights;
        uniform vec3 viewPos;
        uniform sampler2D normalMap;
    
        // Material properties.
        uniform vec3 materialDiffuse;
        uniform vec3 materialSpecular;
        uniform float materialShininess;
    
        void main() {
            vec3 normMap = texture(normalMap, TexCoords).rgb;
            normMap = normalize(normMap * 2.0 - 1.0);
            normMap.z = -normMap.z;
            vec3 N = normalize(Normal);
            vec3 T = normalize(Tangent);
            vec3 B = normalize(cross(N, T));
            mat3 TBN = mat3(T, B, N);
            vec3 perturbedNormal = normalize(TBN * normMap);
            
            vec3 ambient = 0.1 * materialDiffuse;
            vec3 lighting = ambient;
            for(int i = 0; i < numLights; i++) {
                vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPositions[i] - FragPos);
                float diff = max(dot(perturbedNormal, lightDir), 0.0);
                vec3 diffuse = diff * materialDiffuse * lightColors[i];
                
                vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
                vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, perturbedNormal);
                float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), materialShininess);
                vec3 specular = materialSpecular * spec * lightColors[i];
                
                lighting += diffuse + specular;
            }
            FragColor = vec4(lighting, 1.0);
        }
    )";
    

    shaderProgram = CompileShader(vertexShaderSrc, fragmentShaderSrc);
    if (shaderProgram == 0) {
        return false;
    }

    if (!SetupBillboard()) {
        std::cout << "Failed to set up billboard resources." << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
    

    // Load normal map from "./normal.png"
    int texWidth, texHeight, texChannels;
    unsigned char* data = stbi_load("./normal.jpg", &texWidth, &texHeight, &texChannels, 0);
    if (!data) {
        std::cout << "Failed to load normal map." << std::endl;
        return false;
    }
    glGenTextures(1, &normalMapTexture);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, normalMapTexture);
    GLenum format = (texChannels == 3) ? GL_RGB : GL_RGBA;
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, texWidth, texHeight, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
    glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    // Set texture parameters.
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    stbi_image_free(data);

    // Bind the normal map to texture unit 1.
    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "normalMap"), 1);

    return true;
}

ImTextureID Engine::RenderScene(const glm::mat4 &view, const glm::mat4 &projection, const glm::vec3 &viewPos, const std::vector<Entity*>& entities) {
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, fbWidth, fbHeight);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
    glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "viewPos"), viewPos.x, viewPos.y, viewPos.z);

    // Gather lights (up to 2) from entities of type LIGHT.
    glm::vec3 lightPositions[2] = { glm::vec3(0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f) };
    glm::vec3 lightColors[2] = { glm::vec3(1.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f) };
    int lightCount = 0;
    for (auto e : entities) {
        if (e->GetType() == EntityType::LIGHT && lightCount < 2) {
            lightPositions[lightCount] = e->transform.position;
            if (e->lightComponent) {
                lightColors[lightCount] = e->lightComponent->color * e->lightComponent->intensity;
            }
            lightCount++;
        }
    }
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "numLights"), lightCount);
    if (lightCount > 0) {
        glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "lightPositions"), lightCount, glm::value_ptr(lightPositions[0]));
        glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "lightColors"), lightCount, glm::value_ptr(lightColors[0]));
    }

    // Bind the normal map on texture unit 1.
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, normalMapTexture);
    // (Assumes that the uniform "normalMap" is already set to 1.)

    // Render cube entities.
    for (auto e : entities) {
        if (e->GetType() == EntityType::CUBE && e->modelComponent) {
            glm::mat4 modelMatrix = e->transform.GetMatrix();
            glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "model"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(modelMatrix));
            glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "materialDiffuse"), 1, glm::value_ptr(e->modelComponent->diffuseColor));
            glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "materialSpecular"), 1, glm::value_ptr(e->modelComponent->specularColor));
            glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "materialShininess"), e->modelComponent->shininess);
            glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
            glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
        }
    }
    glBindVertexArray(0);

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    return (ImTextureID)(intptr_t)colorTexture;
}



ImTextureID Engine::GetFinalRenderingTexture() {
    return (ImTextureID)(intptr_t)colorTexture;
}

void Engine::Shutdown() {
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &cubeVBO);
    glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
    glDeleteTextures(1, &colorTexture);
    glDeleteTextures(1, &normalMapTexture);
    glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
}