ThreeLab/Engine/engine.cpp

#include "Engine.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "stb_image.h"
#include "Entity/Entity.h"

// Static member definitions.
GLFWwindow *Engine::window = nullptr;
GLuint Engine::framebuffer = 0;
GLuint Engine::colorTexture = 0;
GLuint Engine::depthRenderbuffer = 0;
GLuint Engine::shaderProgram = 0;

GLuint Engine::skyboxShaderProgram = 0;
GLuint Engine::skyboxVAO = 0;
GLuint Engine::skyboxVBO = 0;
GLuint Engine::skyboxEBO = 0;
GLuint Engine::skyboxCubemap = 0;

float Engine::rotationAngle = 0.0f;
int Engine::fbWidth = 640;
int Engine::fbHeight = 400;

// Global normal map texture (if needed for legacy models; otherwise each model handles its own)
GLuint normalMapTexture = 0;






unsigned int loadCubemap(const std::vector<std::string>& faces)
{
    unsigned int textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureID);

    // Disable vertical flipping for cubemaps.
    stbi_set_flip_vertically_on_load(false);

    int width, height, nrChannels;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < faces.size(); i++)
    {

        std::cout << "Loading Cubemap: " << faces[i] << std::endl;
        unsigned char *data = stbi_load(faces[i].c_str(), &width, &height, &nrChannels, 0);
        if (data)
        {
            GLenum format = GL_RGB;
            if(nrChannels == 1)
                format = GL_RED;
            else if(nrChannels == 3)
                format = GL_RGB;
            else if(nrChannels == 4)
                format = GL_RGBA;

            glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i,
                         0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
            stbi_image_free(data);
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "Cubemap texture failed to load at path: " << faces[i] << std::endl;
            stbi_image_free(data);
        }
    }

    // Set texture parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);

    return textureID;
}








bool Engine::Init()
{
    if (!glfwInit())
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLFW\n";
        return false;
    }
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    window = glfwCreateWindow(1280, 800, "Engine Window", nullptr, nullptr);
    if (!window)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window\n";
        glfwTerminate();
        return false;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW\n";
        return false;
    }

    int width, height;
    glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);

    // Create framebuffer.
    glGenFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
    ResizeFramebuffer(fbWidth, fbHeight);

    // Setup scene-wide shader (this shader is now used to render all models)
    if (!SetupScene())
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to set up scene\n";
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

GLFWwindow *Engine::GetWindow()
{
    return window;
}
GLuint Engine::GetShader()
{
    return shaderProgram;
}

void Engine::ResizeFramebuffer(int width, int height)
{
    // Avoid division by zero.
    if (height <= 0)
        height = 1;

    // Define the desired target aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9).
    const float targetAspect = 16.0f / 9.0f;
    float currentAspect = static_cast<float>(width) / static_cast<float>(height);

    // Adjust dimensions to maintain the target aspect ratio.
    int newWidth = width;
    int newHeight = height;
    if (currentAspect > targetAspect)
    {
        newWidth = static_cast<int>(height * targetAspect);
    }
    else if (currentAspect < targetAspect)
    {
        newHeight = static_cast<int>(width / targetAspect);
    }

    fbWidth = newWidth;
    fbHeight = newHeight;

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);

    // Delete old attachments if they exist.
    if (colorTexture)
    {
        glDeleteTextures(1, &colorTexture);
    }
    if (depthRenderbuffer)
    {
        glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    }

    // Create color texture using GL_RGBA.
    glGenTextures(1, &colorTexture);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, fbWidth, fbHeight, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, colorTexture, 0);

    // Create depth renderbuffer.
    glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthRenderbuffer);
    glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8, fbWidth, fbHeight);
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depthRenderbuffer);

    GLenum status = glCheckFramebufferStatus(GL_FRAMEBUFFER);
    if (status != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
    {
        std::cout << "Framebuffer is not complete! Status: " << status << std::endl;
    }
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
}

GLuint Engine::CompileShader(const char *vertexSrc, const char *fragmentSrc)
{
    GLuint vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexSrc, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);
    int success;
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "Vertex shader compilation failed: " << infoLog << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    GLuint fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSrc, nullptr);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "Fragment shader compilation failed: " << infoLog << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(program);
    glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        char infoLog[512];
        glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 512, nullptr, infoLog);
        std::cout << "Shader program linking failed: " << infoLog << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
    return program;
}

bool Engine::SetupScene()
{
    // --- Scene Shader Program ---
    const char *vertexShaderSrc = R"(
    #version 330 core
    layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    layout(location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;
    layout(location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
    layout(location = 3) in vec3 aTangent;

    uniform mat4 model;
    uniform mat4 view;
    uniform mat4 projection;

    out vec3 FragPos;
    out vec3 Normal;
    out vec2 TexCoords;
    out vec3 Tangent;

    void main() {
        FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
        Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * aNormal;
        TexCoords = aTexCoords;
        Tangent = mat3(model) * aTangent;
        gl_Position = projection * view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
    }
    )";

    const char *fragmentShaderSrc = R"(
    #version 330 core
    out vec4 FragColor;

    in vec3 FragPos;
    in vec3 Normal;
    in vec2 TexCoords;
    in vec3 Tangent;

    uniform vec3 lightPositions[2];
    uniform vec3 lightColors[2];
    uniform int numLights;
    uniform vec3 viewPos;

    // Texture uniforms.
    uniform sampler2D diffuseTexture;
    uniform sampler2D normalMap;
    uniform bool useDiffuseTexture;
    uniform bool useNormalMap;

    // Skybox cubemap for ambient lighting.
    uniform samplerCube skybox;

    // Material properties.
    uniform vec3 materialDiffuse;
    uniform vec3 materialSpecular;
    uniform float materialShininess;

    void main() {
        // Optionally sample the diffuse texture.
        vec3 diffuseTex = useDiffuseTexture ? texture(diffuseTexture, TexCoords).rgb : vec3(1.0);

        // Determine the final normal.
        vec3 finalNormal;
        if(useNormalMap) {
            vec3 normMap = texture(normalMap, TexCoords).rgb;
            normMap = normalize(normMap * 2.0 - 1.0);
            normMap.z = -normMap.z;
            vec3 T = normalize(Tangent);
            vec3 B = normalize(cross(Normal, T));
            mat3 TBN = mat3(T, B, normalize(Normal));
            finalNormal = normalize(TBN * normMap);
        } else {
            finalNormal = normalize(Normal);
        }

        // Sample ambient from the skybox cubemap.
        vec3 ambient = texture(skybox, finalNormal).rgb * 0.1 * materialDiffuse;

        vec3 lighting = ambient;

        // Loop through lights.
        for(int i = 0; i < numLights; i++) {
            vec3 lightDir = normalize(lightPositions[i] - FragPos);
            float diff = max(dot(finalNormal, lightDir), 0.0);
            vec3 diffuse = diff * materialDiffuse * diffuseTex * lightColors[i];

            vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
            vec3 halfDir = normalize(lightDir + viewDir);
            float spec = pow(max(dot(finalNormal, halfDir), 0.0), materialShininess);
            vec3 specular = materialSpecular * spec * lightColors[i];

            lighting += diffuse + specular;
        }

        FragColor = vec4(lighting, 1.0);
    }
    )";

    shaderProgram = CompileShader(vertexShaderSrc, fragmentShaderSrc);
    if (shaderProgram == 0)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // --- Skybox Shader Program ---
    const char *skyboxVertexShaderSrc = R"(
    #version 330 core
    layout(location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    out vec3 TexCoords;
    uniform mat4 view;
    uniform mat4 projection;
    void main()
    {
        TexCoords = aPos;
        // Remove translation by setting w equal to z component.
        vec4 pos = projection * view * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
        gl_Position = pos.xyww;
    }
    )";

    const char *skyboxFragmentShaderSrc = R"(
    #version 330 core
    in vec3 TexCoords;
    out vec4 FragColor;
    uniform samplerCube skybox;
    void main()
    {    
        FragColor = texture(skybox, TexCoords);
    }
    )";

    skyboxShaderProgram = CompileShader(skyboxVertexShaderSrc, skyboxFragmentShaderSrc);
    if (skyboxShaderProgram == 0)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // Define the full cube (36 vertices) for the skybox.
    float skyboxVertices[] = {
        // positions
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,

        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,

        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f,

        -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
        -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
        1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f};

    unsigned int skyboxVAO, skyboxVBO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &skyboxVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &skyboxVBO);
    glBindVertexArray(skyboxVAO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, skyboxVBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(skyboxVertices), skyboxVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void *)0);
    glBindVertexArray(0);

    std::vector<std::string> faces{
        "assets/skybox/right.jpg",
        "assets/skybox/left.jpg",
        "assets/skybox/top.jpg",
        "assets/skybox/bottom.jpg",
        "assets/skybox/front.jpg",
        "assets/skybox/back.jpg"
    };
    skyboxCubemap = loadCubemap(faces);
     

    return true;
}

ImTextureID Engine::RenderScene(const glm::mat4 &view, const glm::mat4 &projection,
                                const glm::vec3 &viewPos, const std::vector<Entity *> &entities)
{
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, fbWidth, fbHeight);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    // --- Draw Scene Objects ---
    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));
    glUniform3f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "viewPos"), viewPos.x, viewPos.y, viewPos.z);

    // Bind skybox cubemap for ambient sampling in the scene shader.
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, skyboxCubemap);
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "skybox"), 2);

    // Set up lights (up to 2).
    glm::vec3 lightPositions[2] = {glm::vec3(0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f)};
    glm::vec3 lightColors[2] = {glm::vec3(1.0f), glm::vec3(1.0f)};
    int lightCount = 0;
    for (auto e : entities)
    {
        if (e->GetType() == EntityType::LIGHT && lightCount < 2)
        {
            lightPositions[lightCount] = e->transform.position;
            if (e->lightComponent)
            {
                lightColors[lightCount] = e->lightComponent->color * e->lightComponent->intensity;
            }
            lightCount++;
        }
    }
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "numLights"), lightCount);
    if (lightCount > 0)
    {
        glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "lightPositions"), lightCount, glm::value_ptr(lightPositions[0]));
        glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "lightColors"), lightCount, glm::value_ptr(lightColors[0]));
    }

    // Render each cube entity using its ModelComponent.
    for (auto e : entities)
    {
        if (e->GetType() == EntityType::CUBE && e->modelComponent)
        {
            glm::mat4 modelMatrix = e->transform.GetMatrix();
            glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "model"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(modelMatrix));

            for (const auto &mesh : e->modelComponent->meshes)
            {
                glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "materialDiffuse"), 1, glm::value_ptr(mesh.diffuseColor));
                glUniform3fv(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "materialSpecular"), 1, glm::value_ptr(mesh.specularColor));
                glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "materialShininess"), mesh.shininess);

                if (mesh.diffuseTexture != 0)
                {
                    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "useDiffuseTexture"), 1);
                    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
                    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mesh.diffuseTexture);
                    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "diffuseTexture"), 0);
                }
                else
                {
                    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "useDiffuseTexture"), 0);
                }

                if (mesh.normalTexture != 0)
                {
                    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "useNormalMap"), 1);
                    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
                    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mesh.normalTexture);
                    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "normalMap"), 1);
                }
                else
                {
                    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "useNormalMap"), 0);
                }

                glBindVertexArray(mesh.VAO);
                glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, static_cast<GLsizei>(mesh.indices.size()), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
                glBindVertexArray(0);
            }
        }
    }


    // Draw Skybox
    glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);  // Allow skybox fragments to pass depth test.
    glUseProgram(skyboxShaderProgram);

    glm::mat4 viewNoTrans = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(view));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(skyboxShaderProgram, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(viewNoTrans));
    glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(skyboxShaderProgram, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection));

    // Bind skybox VAO and cubemap texture.
    glBindVertexArray(skyboxVAO);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, skyboxCubemap);
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(skyboxShaderProgram, "skybox"), 0);

    // Draw the cube (36 vertices)
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
    glBindVertexArray(0);
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);  // Restore default depth function.





    glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
    return (ImTextureID)(intptr_t)colorTexture;
}

ImTextureID Engine::GetFinalRenderingTexture()
{
    return (ImTextureID)(intptr_t)colorTexture;
}

void Engine::Shutdown()
{
    glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &framebuffer);
    glDeleteTextures(1, &colorTexture);
    glDeleteTextures(1, &normalMapTexture);
    glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
    glfwTerminate();
}